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Twenty Indonesian verbs that cover most days

The verbs never change form, so learning one gives you every tense of it at once. Here are the twenty worth having first.

a1Lesson 21 of 436 min

By the end of this lesson

  • Recognise and use the twenty most frequent everyday verbs
  • Combine them with the time markers you already know

Because Indonesian verbs never change, a verb you learn once is finished. No conjugation table, no irregular past, no third person s. Twenty of them will carry you through most ordinary days.

The twenty

makan ‘to eat’
minum ‘to drink’
pergi ‘to go’
datang ‘to come’
pulang ‘to go home’
tidur ‘to sleep’
bangun ‘to wake up, to get up’
kerja ‘to work’
beli ‘to buy’
jual ‘to sell’
bayar ‘to pay’
lihat ‘to see, to look’
dengar ‘to hear’
bicara ‘to speak’
tahu ‘to know a fact’
kenal ‘to know a person’
bawa ‘to bring’
cari ‘to look for’
tunggu ‘to wait’
mau ‘to want’

Two that English has no single word for

Pulang is not just to go. It is to return home specifically, and Indonesians use it constantly.

Saya mau pulang. ‘I want to go home.’

Kenal is to know a person, as opposed to tahu, which is to know a fact. Confusing them is the same mistake French speakers make in reverse with savoir and connaître.

Saya tahu restoran itu. ‘I know that restaurant exists.’
Saya kenal dia. ‘I know him personally.’

Mau does two jobs

Mau is want, and in speech it also carries the future, quietly replacing akan.

Saya mau kopi. ‘I want coffee.’
Saya mau pergi besok. ‘I’m going tomorrow.’

Same word, and only the sentence tells you which. This is one of the clearest examples of Indonesian letting context carry a distinction that English marks with grammar.

Putting them to work

Combine any of these with the time markers you already have and you have a working sentence.

Saya sudah makan. ‘I have eaten.’
Dia lagi tidur. ‘She’s sleeping.’
Kami mau cari hotel. ‘We’re going to look for a hotel.’

Three tenses, three verbs, and not one of them changed shape.

Words from this lesson

mauto want, willDoes double duty as a future marker in speech.
pergito go
pulangto go homeNo English single word. Specifically returning home.
bawato bring, to carry
tahuto knowTau in speech. Also the word for tofu, with a different vowel length.